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| Basic
Inorganic and Organic Chemical Industry |
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The
Basic inorganic chemical and organic chemical
industry constitutes a major segment of the country's
economy.
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Important
chemicals in this category are Soda Ash, Caustic
Soda, Liquid Chlorine, Calcium Carbide, Acetic
Acid. Methanol, Formaldehyde, Phenol, Acetone.
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These
are raw materials for industries like detergents,
toothpaste, plastics, drugs, petroleum refining,
etc.
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10%
of the Chlor-Caustic Plants use Membrane Cell
Technology, which will find higher usage, as no
new capacities are allowed for the mercury cell
process
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| Drugs
& Pharmaceuticals |
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The
Indian Pharmaceutical Industry is the largest
in the developing world. The industry currently
produces a wide range of bulk drugs. In fact,
India is currently a world leader in manufacture
and export of basic drugs such as ethambutol and
ibuprofen.
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300
bulk drugs & formulation based on them are
manufactured in the country. There are 10,000
manufacturing units, of which 290 units are in
the large-scale sector, 45 Multi-National Companies
(MNCs) have manufacturing bases here.
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India
is emerging as one of the largest and cheapest
producers of pharmaceuticals in the world, accounting
for nearly 8.5% of the world's drug requirements
in terms of volume, and ranks amongst the top
15 drug manufacturing countries in the world.
India being a signatory to the GATT accord, (and
the TRIPs agreement therein) patent protection
will be provided under the treaty obligations.
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| Pesticides
& Agrochemicals |
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India
is currently the largest manufacturer of Pesticides
in Asia. Second only to Japan. The pesticides
demand from the agriculture sector is expected
to go up to 97,000 tonnes by the year 2000. More
than 60 technical grade pesticide is manufactured
indigenously. Some 125 units are engaged in the
manufacture of the above and over 500 units are
making pesticide formulations.
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In
agrochemical, we manufacture significant quantities
of synthetic pyrethroids, such as fenvalerate
and cypermethrin, endosulphane, and organophosphate
range of agrochemicals, including monocrotophos.
India is also a dominant producer of isoproturon,
a weedicide accounting for nearly 25% of the world-wide
production.
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| Petrochemicals
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The
petrochemical industry of India is less than 40
years old. The sector has a significant growth
potential. Although the current per capita consumption
of petrochemicals products is low, the demand
for the same is growing : 10% during the Sixth
Plan, 13.2% during the Seventh Plan, 25% expected
during the Eight Plan.
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Plastics
is of core importance as they represent a safer
and more energy efficient alternative.
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| Dyes
& Pigments |
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| Fine
& Speciality Chemicals |
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70%
of the Fine Chemicals produced in India find their
way into the Pharmaceutical and Agrochemical sectors.
Performance chemicals geared to customer need
are being developed locally particularly since
there is growing demand for Speciality chemicals
like Sunscreens, Antioxidants, Biocides, etc.
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Manufacturers
of Fine Chemicals and specialities have major
strengths in basic research facilities available
with CSIR laboratories such as NCL, IICT & RRls
as also corporate R & D centres. This ensures
that development of process know-how; plant process
design and engineers, detailed engineering design,
commissioning assistance and even consultancy
for re-engineering are available at low cost.
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| Fertilizers |
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The
Indian fertilizer industry has emerged as the
fourth largest producer of fertilizers in the
world after China, USA, Russia. Nitrogenous and
phosphatic fertilizers are produced indigenously,
while requests for potassic fertilizers are met
through imports.
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India
has achieved near self-sufficiency in the inputs
for the production of nitrogenous fertilizers,
but for the production of phosphatic fertilizers,
the country continues to rely on imports of raw
materials (rock phosphate and sulphur and for
intermediates such as phosphoric acid).
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| Trade
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Trade
in chemicals to and from India in the recent years
has increased substantially.
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Exports
are targeted for growth of over 400% by the year
2000. A large chunk of the current exports is
accounted for by pharmaceuticals (35%).
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Though
earlier the exports were to countries of South
East Asia, Africa, this is now changing. Indian
Chemicals have markets in countries such as USA,
UK, Germany, France, Japan, etc.
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37,000
MTA Organised Sector
